On Paper: ADC (Analog to Digital Conversion) Explained
ADCor Analog to Digital Conversion is the way the microcontroller provides you with a digital number corresponding to the analog voltage you give the microcontroller.
The microcontroller has ADC pins that will accept a voltage between a reference voltage and 0 volts. A voltage from a device can be connected to this pin. When the pin reads the voltage, it will put a number corresponding to this voltage in a register.
The number the microcontroller gives you is in proportion to the amount of voltage. Say your reference voltage in your circuit is 5v and you put 2.5 volts to an ADC pin. The microcontroller would give you 128 in the ADC register if the 8-bit ADC is used, or would give you 512 if the 10-bit ADC is used. If the pin received the reference voltage of 5v, then the microcontroller would give you 255 for the 8-bit ADC and 1023 for the 10-bit ADC.
ADCVAlue = ReferenceVoltage / 10-bit Max Number or 8-Bit Max number
The 10-bit maximum is 1023 and 8-bit maximum is 255
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