A general explanation of the uses and applications of microcontrollers. Microcontrollers can be used to: sense the environment using sensors, control other components with general purpose output pins, convert analog voltages to digital as a range of numbers and output analog like voltages using PWM (pulse width modulation). With these features, microcontrollers are used all around us, in things around the home, robots, machines, etc.
General explanation of push button and switch bounce. Removeing the push button or switch bounce is called debouncing the swith or push button. Debouncing can be addressed in two ways, software debouncing and hardware debouncing.
The AC (Alternating Current) first goes through a transformer to step down the voltage from the mains power (110v or 220v). The sine wave after the transformer is now a much more narrow sine wave, only peaking at the voltages corresponding to the transformer.
Rectification - using 4 diodes, or a bridge rectifier (which is 4 rectifier diodes) the sine wave portion that is in the negative region can be flipped up (or folding up) to the positive region. At this point, the AC looks more like hills rather than a sine wave. This happens because the diodes only let the current flow in one direction. The diodes are positioned and oriented in a way that makes both negative and positive portions of the sine way happen only in the positive direction.
The waveform (bumps) now need to be smoothed to match more like a line (DC). Adding capacitors will charge up like a battery and release the energy slowly. This creates a smoothing effect for the bumpy waveform.
To get the current to a specific voltage level to be used in the circuit, a voltage regulator is used. If a high dropout voltage regulator is used, the voltage level before the voltage regulator must be higher than the regulated voltage plus the dropout amount.
This is a general explanation of how the ADC pins and receiving analog voltages differ from the standard way of using the PORT pins.
A vacuum is a space, or area that contains less pressure than the surrounding area. The surrounding area generally has the pressure of atmosphere depending on the elevation. I use a constant of 14.7 PSI as atmosphere.
Usually, the vacuum is contained within a structure, like a tank.
Common units associated with vacuum include: inches of mercury (inches of Hg), millimeters of mercury (mm of Hg), PSI (Pounds per Square Inch), Torr (a torr of 1 is standard atmospheric pressure), Pascals or Kilopascals (KPa).
In the constant vacuum source, a range of inches of Hg is sought to be maintained, only to use the motor to pump vacuum when needed.
A pressure sensor will be used to determine the amount of pressure that is in the tank. A vacuum pump is used to provide the vacuum in the tank, and a tank will be used to hold the vacuum.
A power supply is a supply with 4 different output voltage levels. The output voltages include 12V, 5V, 3.3V and -12V.
*another explanation in the description*
Watch with sound!
in this video i'll explain the interrupt coding principle.
the interrupt example is written to PIC16F887 but the explanation is relavent to a large variety of microcontrollers, including arduino!
feel free to comment with questions and requests.
if the principle is still not clear, reffer to this analogy:
imagine a situation where your phone can't ring or vibrate, during every day routine, in order to know if you got a call you need to constantly look at the phone's screen, So if you are waiting on an important phone call you will check the phone every few seconds, this is like the polling principle:
if(Pone_Ring())
Answer;
Rest_of_Life();
if(Pone_Ring())
Answer;
Rest_of_Life();
if(Pone_Ring())
Answer;
Rest_of_Life();
and so on.
but if your phone is fine, then you can do everything (within the legal boundaries) you want, and at the second you get a phone call a Flag will raise(you will hear the phone Ring) and you would answer it. without the need of constantly checking wheter you have a call or not.
music: Paintball theme, by Bird Creek
*another explanation in the description*
Watch with sound!
in this video i'll explain the interrupt coding principle.
the interrupt example is written to PIC16F887 but the explanation is relavent to a large variety of microcontrollers, including arduino!
feel free to comment with questions and requests.
if the principle is still not clear, reffer to this analogy:
imagine a situation where your phone can't ring or vibrate, during every day routine, in order to know if you got a call you need to constantly look at the phone's screen, So if you are waiting on an important phone call you will check the phone every few seconds, this is like the polling principle:
if(Pone_Ring())
Answer;
Rest_of_Life();
if(Pone_Ring())
Answer;
Rest_of_Life();
if(Pone_Ring())
Answer;
Rest_of_Life();
and so on.
but if your phone is fine, then you can do everything (within the legal boundaries) you want, and at the second you get a phone call a Flag will raise(you will hear the phone Ring) and you would answer it. without the need of constantly checking wheter you have a call or not.
music: Paintball theme, by Bird Creek